UBXN2A Antibody (C-term) 货号:AP11361b

UBXN2A Antibody (C-term) 货号:AP11361b

UBXN2A Antibody (C-term)

货  号:AP11361b

产品规格:100UL

原  产  地:USA

参考价格:1100 (参考价格,以实际价格为准)

优惠价格:

产品详细信息

UBXN2A Antibody (C-term) – Product info

Application WB, IHC, FCPrimary AccessionP68543Other AccessionNP_859064.2ReactivityHuman, MouseIsotypeRabbit 

IgCalculated MW29278 DaUBXN2A Antibody (C-term) – Additional infoGene ID165324Other Names
UBXN2A; UBXD4; UBX domain-containing protein 2A; UBX domain-containing protein 4Target/Specificity
This UBXN2A antibody is generated from rabbits immunized with a KLH conjugated synthetic 
peptide between 166-195 amino acids from the C-terminal region of human UBXN2A.Dilution
WB~~1:1000
IHC~~1:50~100
FC~~1:10~50

产品详细信息

UBXN2A Antibody (C-term) – Product info

Application WB, IHC, FCPrimary AccessionP68543Other AccessionNP_859064.2ReactivityHuman, MouseIsotypeRabbit 

IgCalculated MW29278 DaUBXN2A Antibody (C-term) – Additional infoGene ID165324Other Names
UBXN2A; UBXD4; UBX domain-containing protein 2A; UBX domain-containing protein 4Target/Specificity
This UBXN2A antibody is generated from rabbits immunized with a KLH conjugated synthetic 
peptide between 166-195 amino acids from the C-terminal region of human UBXN2A.Dilution
WB~~1:1000
IHC~~1:50~100
FC~~1:10~50

T细胞培养基 货号:A10485-01

T细胞培养基 货号:A10485-01

T细胞培养基

货  号:A10485-01

产品规格:1,000 mL

原  产  地:life

参考价格:1,722 (参考价格,以实际价格为准)

优惠价格:

产品详细信息

T细胞培养基  A10485-01

OpTmizer™ CTS™ T-Cell Expansion SFM      A10485-01     Serum-Free     1,000 mL     1,722
OpTmizer™ CTS™ T-Cell Expansion SFM      A10485-03     Serum-Free     1,000 mL     2,715

描述

Gibco® OpTmizer™ CTS™ T-Cell Expansion SFM has been developed for the growth and expansion of human T lymphocytes. OpTmizer™ CTS™ T-Cell Expansion Medium is a complete serum-free and xeno-free 1X medium consisting of OpTmizer™ T-Cell Expansion Basal Medium with the addition of OpTmizer™ T-Cell Expansion Supplement.

• Maintains similar phenotype and function as T-cells cultured in conventional serum supplemented medium. • Consistent performance in supporting T-cell expansion. • Supports high density cultures in static and WAVE Bioreactor® cultures. • Be ready for clinical research with this cGmP manufactured formula and support documentation

Versatile T Cell Culture Media
OpTmizer™ CTS™ T-Cell Expansion SFM is designed to give results equivalent to conventional serum-supplemented media. However if desired, 2% heat-inactivated human serum (Cat. No. 34005-100) may be added to the medium to enhance viability and expansion. The use of serum, and the amount required, should be determined empirically depending on the specific T-cell culture application.

Ready for T Cell Expansion
OpTmizer™ CTS™ T-Cell Expansion SFM is designed for the expansion of human T-cells permitting CD3+ densities of >3×106 cells/mL in static conditions and >2×107 cells/mL in WAVE bags. Results may vary depending on the T-cell subset (e.g. Ag-specific cells). Conditions for specific T-cell culture applications should be determined empirically.

Stability of Complete Media
Complete OpTmizer™ CTS™ T-Cell Expansion SFM (basal, supplement, and L-glutamine) is stable for 4 weeks when stored in the dark at 2° to 8°C.

Simplify Your Transition into Clinical Research
The Gibco® Cell Therapy Systems (CTS™) brand offers a broad array of products for use in cell therapy applications, including media, reagents, growth factors, enzymes, cell selection/expansion reagents, and devices. Gibco® Cell Therapy Systems (CTS™) products deliver:

• Reduced burden in qualifying reagents • Included appropriate certificates of analyses and origin • Convenient access to our Drug Master File (DMF)

For Research Use or Non-Commercial Manufacturing of Cell-Based Products for Clinical Research.

For human ex vivo tissue and cell culture processing applications.

 本产品仅限于非临床科研用途

常用规格

Form:

Liquid 

Volume:

1 L 

Glucose:

Low Glucose 

Species:

Human 

Quantity:

1 bag 

Cell Line:

[other] 

Cell Type:

T Cells 

Glutamine:

No Glutamine 

Sterility:

Sterile 

Serum Level:

Serum-Free 

Culture Type:

Suspension Cell Culture 

HEPES Buffer:

HEPES 

Product Size:

1,000 mL 

Classification:

Xeno-Free, 

Chemically Defined, 

Serum-Free 

Endotoxin Level:

Very Low 

Inorganic Salts:

Magnesium, 

Calcium 

Culture Environment:

CO2 

Included Antibiotics:

No Antibiotics 

Phenol Red Indicator:

Phenol Red 

Purity or Quality Grade:

Research Grade 

Sodium Pyruvate Additive:

Sodium Pyruvate 

Sodium Bicarbonate Buffer:

Sodium Bicarbonate 

产品详细信息

T细胞培养基  A10485-01

OpTmizer™ CTS™ T-Cell Expansion SFM      A10485-01     Serum-Free     1,000 mL     1,722
OpTmizer™ CTS™ T-Cell Expansion SFM      A10485-03     Serum-Free     1,000 mL     2,715

描述

Gibco® OpTmizer™ CTS™ T-Cell Expansion SFM has been developed for the growth and expansion of human T lymphocytes. OpTmizer™ CTS™ T-Cell Expansion Medium is a complete serum-free and xeno-free 1X medium consisting of OpTmizer™ T-Cell Expansion Basal Medium with the addition of OpTmizer™ T-Cell Expansion Supplement.

• Maintains similar phenotype and function as T-cells cultured in conventional serum supplemented medium. • Consistent performance in supporting T-cell expansion. • Supports high density cultures in static and WAVE Bioreactor® cultures. • Be ready for clinical research with this cGmP manufactured formula and support documentation

Versatile T Cell Culture Media
OpTmizer™ CTS™ T-Cell Expansion SFM is designed to give results equivalent to conventional serum-supplemented media. However if desired, 2% heat-inactivated human serum (Cat. No. 34005-100) may be added to the medium to enhance viability and expansion. The use of serum, and the amount required, should be determined empirically depending on the specific T-cell culture application.

Ready for T Cell Expansion
OpTmizer™ CTS™ T-Cell Expansion SFM is designed for the expansion of human T-cells permitting CD3+ densities of >3×106 cells/mL in static conditions and >2×107 cells/mL in WAVE bags. Results may vary depending on the T-cell subset (e.g. Ag-specific cells). Conditions for specific T-cell culture applications should be determined empirically.

Stability of Complete Media
Complete OpTmizer™ CTS™ T-Cell Expansion SFM (basal, supplement, and L-glutamine) is stable for 4 weeks when stored in the dark at 2° to 8°C.

Simplify Your Transition into Clinical Research
The Gibco® Cell Therapy Systems (CTS™) brand offers a broad array of products for use in cell therapy applications, including media, reagents, growth factors, enzymes, cell selection/expansion reagents, and devices. Gibco® Cell Therapy Systems (CTS™) products deliver:

• Reduced burden in qualifying reagents • Included appropriate certificates of analyses and origin • Convenient access to our Drug Master File (DMF)

For Research Use or Non-Commercial Manufacturing of Cell-Based Products for Clinical Research.

For human ex vivo tissue and cell culture processing applications.

 本产品仅限于非临床科研用途

常用规格

Form:

Liquid 

Volume:

1 L 

Glucose:

Low Glucose 

Species:

Human 

Quantity:

1 bag 

Cell Line:

[other] 

Cell Type:

T Cells 

Glutamine:

No Glutamine 

Sterility:

Sterile 

Serum Level:

Serum-Free 

Culture Type:

Suspension Cell Culture 

HEPES Buffer:

HEPES 

Product Size:

1,000 mL 

Classification:

Xeno-Free, 

Chemically Defined, 

Serum-Free 

Endotoxin Level:

Very Low 

Inorganic Salts:

Magnesium, 

Calcium 

Culture Environment:

CO2 

Included Antibiotics:

No Antibiotics 

Phenol Red Indicator:

Phenol Red 

Purity or Quality Grade:

Research Grade 

Sodium Pyruvate Additive:

Sodium Pyruvate 

Sodium Bicarbonate Buffer:

Sodium Bicarbonate 

ANKRD40 Antibody (C-term) 货号:AP11362b

ANKRD40 Antibody (C-term) 货号:AP11362b

ANKRD40 Antibody (C-term)

货  号:AP11362b

产品规格:100UL

原  产  地:USA

参考价格:1100 (参考价格,以实际价格为准)

优惠价格:

产品详细信息

ANKRD40 Antibody (C-term) – Product info

Application  WB, FCPrimary AccessionQ6AI12Other AccessionQ5SUE8,NP_443087.1ReactivityHumanPredictedMouseIsotypeRabbit

 IgCalculated MW41088 DaANKRD40 Antibody (C-term) – Additional infoGene ID91369Other Names
ANKRD40; Ankyrin repeat domain-containing protein 40Target/Specificity
This ANKRD40 antibody is generated from rabbits immunized with a KLH conjugated synthetic peptide
 between 256-284 amino acids from the C-terminal region of human ANKRD40.Dilution
WB~~1:1000
FC~~1:10~50

产品详细信息

ANKRD40 Antibody (C-term) – Product info

Application  WB, FCPrimary AccessionQ6AI12Other AccessionQ5SUE8,NP_443087.1ReactivityHumanPredictedMouseIsotypeRabbit

 IgCalculated MW41088 DaANKRD40 Antibody (C-term) – Additional infoGene ID91369Other Names
ANKRD40; Ankyrin repeat domain-containing protein 40Target/Specificity
This ANKRD40 antibody is generated from rabbits immunized with a KLH conjugated synthetic peptide
 between 256-284 amino acids from the C-terminal region of human ANKRD40.Dilution
WB~~1:1000
FC~~1:10~50

干细胞培养基 货号:A1516401

干细胞培养基 货号:A1516401

干细胞培养基

货  号:A1516401

产品规格:500 mL

原  产  地:life

参考价格:2,120 (参考价格,以实际价格为准)

优惠价格:

产品详细信息

干细胞培养基  A1516401

CTS™ KnockOut™ XenoFree ESC/iPSC Kit      A14488-01     500 mL     5,400.00     
StemPro® MSC SFM CTS™      A10332-01     1 kit     3,795.00     
Cardiomyocyte Maintenance Medium (prototype)      A25037-DJ     500 mL     1,274.00     
Essential 6™ Medium      A1516401     500 mL     2,120.00

常用规格

Cell Type:

Stem Cells (iPS – Induced Pluripotent Stem) 

Form:

Liquid 

Volume:

500 ml 

Species:

Human 

Quantity:

1 bottle(s) 

Serum Level:

Serum-Free 

Culture Type:

Feeder Cell-Free 

Product Size:

500 mL 

Classification:

Xeno-Free 

Regulatory Statement:

For Research Use Only. Not for use in diagnostic procedures. 

产品详细信息

干细胞培养基  A1516401

CTS™ KnockOut™ XenoFree ESC/iPSC Kit      A14488-01     500 mL     5,400.00     
StemPro® MSC SFM CTS™      A10332-01     1 kit     3,795.00     
Cardiomyocyte Maintenance Medium (prototype)      A25037-DJ     500 mL     1,274.00     
Essential 6™ Medium      A1516401     500 mL     2,120.00

常用规格

Cell Type:

Stem Cells (iPS – Induced Pluripotent Stem) 

Form:

Liquid 

Volume:

500 ml 

Species:

Human 

Quantity:

1 bottle(s) 

Serum Level:

Serum-Free 

Culture Type:

Feeder Cell-Free 

Product Size:

500 mL 

Classification:

Xeno-Free 

Regulatory Statement:

For Research Use Only. Not for use in diagnostic procedures. 

LRRC45 Antibody (C-term) 货号:AP11368b

LRRC45 Antibody (C-term) 货号:AP11368b

LRRC45 Antibody (C-term)

货  号:AP11368b

产品规格:100UL

原  产  地:USA

参考价格:1100 (参考价格,以实际价格为准)

优惠价格:

产品详细信息

LRRC45 Antibody (C-term) – Product info

Application  WB, IFPrimary AccessionQ96CN5Other AccessionNP_659436.1ReactivityHumanIsotypeRabbit

IgCalculated MW75951 DaLRRC45 Antibody (C-term) – Additional infoGene ID201255Other Names
LRRC45; Leucine-rich repeat-containing protein 45Target/Specificity
This LRRC45 antibody is generated from rabbits immunized with a KLH conjugated 
synthetic peptide between 615-643 amino acids from the C-terminal region of human LRRC45.Dilution
WB~~1:1000
IF~~1:25

产品详细信息

LRRC45 Antibody (C-term) – Product info

Application  WB, IFPrimary AccessionQ96CN5Other AccessionNP_659436.1ReactivityHumanIsotypeRabbit

IgCalculated MW75951 DaLRRC45 Antibody (C-term) – Additional infoGene ID201255Other Names
LRRC45; Leucine-rich repeat-containing protein 45Target/Specificity
This LRRC45 antibody is generated from rabbits immunized with a KLH conjugated 
synthetic peptide between 615-643 amino acids from the C-terminal region of human LRRC45.Dilution
WB~~1:1000
IF~~1:25

干细胞分化试剂盒 货号:A10070-01

干细胞分化试剂盒 货号:A10070-01

干细胞分化试剂盒

货  号:A10070-01

产品规格:1 kit

原  产  地:life

参考价格:1970 (参考价格,以实际价格为准)

优惠价格:

产品详细信息

干细胞分化试剂盒 A10070-01

产品名称     产品编号     Cell Type     Product Size     定价CNY    
PSC Cardiomyocyte Differentiation Kit (prototype)      A25042-SA     Stem Cells     1 kit     4,188.00     
StemPro® Adipogenesis Differentiation Kit      A10070-01     Stem Cells (Mesenchymal)     1 kit     1,970.00     
StemPro® Chondrogenesis Differentiation Kit      A10071-01     Stem Cells (Mesenchymal)     1 kit     1,962.00     
StemPro® Osteogenesis Differentiation Kit      A10072-01     Stem Cells (Mesenchymal)     1 kit     1,970.00

常用规格

Form:

Liquid 

Glucose:

High Glucose 

Species:

Human 

Cell Type:

Stem Cells (Mesenchymal) 

Glutamine:

GlutaMAX™-I 

Serum Level:

Standard Serum 

Supplements:

Adipogenesis Supplements 

HEPES Buffer:

No HEPES 

Product Size:

1 kit 

Endotoxin Level:

≤ 50 EU/ml 

Inorganic Salts:

Calcium, 

Sodium Phosphate 

Culture Environment:

CO2 

Phenol Red Indicator:

No Phenol Red 

Purity or Quality Grade:

Research Grade 

Sodium Pyruvate Additive:

Sodium Pyruvate 

Sodium Bicarbonate Buffer:

Sodium Bicarbonate 

Regulatory Statement:

For human ex vivo tissue and cell culture processing applications. CAUTION: When used as a medical device, Federal Law restricts this device to sale by or on the order of a physician. 

产品详细信息

干细胞分化试剂盒 A10070-01

产品名称     产品编号     Cell Type     Product Size     定价CNY    
PSC Cardiomyocyte Differentiation Kit (prototype)      A25042-SA     Stem Cells     1 kit     4,188.00     
StemPro® Adipogenesis Differentiation Kit      A10070-01     Stem Cells (Mesenchymal)     1 kit     1,970.00     
StemPro® Chondrogenesis Differentiation Kit      A10071-01     Stem Cells (Mesenchymal)     1 kit     1,962.00     
StemPro® Osteogenesis Differentiation Kit      A10072-01     Stem Cells (Mesenchymal)     1 kit     1,970.00

常用规格

Form:

Liquid 

Glucose:

High Glucose 

Species:

Human 

Cell Type:

Stem Cells (Mesenchymal) 

Glutamine:

GlutaMAX™-I 

Serum Level:

Standard Serum 

Supplements:

Adipogenesis Supplements 

HEPES Buffer:

No HEPES 

Product Size:

1 kit 

Endotoxin Level:

≤ 50 EU/ml 

Inorganic Salts:

Calcium, 

Sodium Phosphate 

Culture Environment:

CO2 

Phenol Red Indicator:

No Phenol Red 

Purity or Quality Grade:

Research Grade 

Sodium Pyruvate Additive:

Sodium Pyruvate 

Sodium Bicarbonate Buffer:

Sodium Bicarbonate 

Regulatory Statement:

For human ex vivo tissue and cell culture processing applications. CAUTION: When used as a medical device, Federal Law restricts this device to sale by or on the order of a physician. 

FAM133A Antibody (N-term) 货号:AP11383a

FAM133A Antibody (N-term) 货号:AP11383a

FAM133A Antibody (N-term)

货  号:AP11383a

产品规格:100UL

原  产  地:USA

参考价格:1100 (参考价格,以实际价格为准)

优惠价格:

产品详细信息

FAM133A Antibody (N-term) – Product info

Application WB, FCPrimary AccessionQ8N9E0Other AccessionNP_001164582.1,NP_775969.1,NP_001164580.

1ReactivityHumanIsotypeRabbit IgCalculated MW28941 DaFAM133A Antibody (N-term) – Additional 
infoGene ID286499Other Names
FAM133A; Protein FAM133ATarget/Specificity
This FAM133A antibody is generated from rabbits immunized with a KLH conjugated synthetic 
peptide between 29-57 amino acids from the N-terminal region of human FAM133A.Dilution
WB~~1:1000
FC~~1:10~50

产品详细信息

FAM133A Antibody (N-term) – Product info

Application WB, FCPrimary AccessionQ8N9E0Other AccessionNP_001164582.1,NP_775969.1,NP_001164580.

1ReactivityHumanIsotypeRabbit IgCalculated MW28941 DaFAM133A Antibody (N-term) – Additional 
infoGene ID286499Other Names
FAM133A; Protein FAM133ATarget/Specificity
This FAM133A antibody is generated from rabbits immunized with a KLH conjugated synthetic 
peptide between 29-57 amino acids from the N-terminal region of human FAM133A.Dilution
WB~~1:1000
FC~~1:10~50

Sf9和Sf21培养基 货号:10902-096

Sf9和Sf21培养基 货号:10902-096

Sf9和Sf21培养基

货  号:10902-096

产品规格:500 mL

原  产  地:life

参考价格:548 (参考价格,以实际价格为准)

优惠价格:

产品详细信息

Sf9和Sf21培养基  10902-096

Sf-900 II SFM 是无蛋白昆虫细胞培养基,适合用于草地贪夜蛾 (Spodoptera frugiperda )(Sf9 和 Sf21)细胞的生长和维持以及使用杆状病毒表达载体系统 (BEVS) 大规模生产重组蛋白。 这种培养基适用于悬浮和单层培养法,并且支持其它鳞翅目细胞系的生长 (1)

常用规格

Form:

Liquid 

Species:

S. frugiperda, 

Spodoptera frugiperda 

Cell Line:

Sf9, 

Sf21 

Cell Type:

Insect Cells 

Glutamine:

L-Glutamine 

Serum Level:

Serum-Free 

Product Size:

500 mL 

Classification:

Protein-Free, 

Serum-Free 

Green Features:

Sustainable packaging 

Shipping Condition:

Room Temperature 

Regulatory Statement:

For Research Use Only. Not for use in diagnostic procedures. 

产品名称     产品编号     Product Size     定价CNY   
Sf-900™ II SFM      10902-088     1,000 mL     1,038.00     
Sf-900™ II SFM      10902-096     500 mL     548.00     
Sf-900™ II SFM      10902-104     6 x 1,000 mL     5,440.00     
Sf-900™ II SFM      10902-161     5 L     5,110.00     
Sf-900™ II SFM      10902-179     10 L     9,180.00

产品详细信息

Sf9和Sf21培养基  10902-096

Sf-900 II SFM 是无蛋白昆虫细胞培养基,适合用于草地贪夜蛾 (Spodoptera frugiperda )(Sf9 和 Sf21)细胞的生长和维持以及使用杆状病毒表达载体系统 (BEVS) 大规模生产重组蛋白。 这种培养基适用于悬浮和单层培养法,并且支持其它鳞翅目细胞系的生长 (1)

常用规格

Form:

Liquid 

Species:

S. frugiperda, 

Spodoptera frugiperda 

Cell Line:

Sf9, 

Sf21 

Cell Type:

Insect Cells 

Glutamine:

L-Glutamine 

Serum Level:

Serum-Free 

Product Size:

500 mL 

Classification:

Protein-Free, 

Serum-Free 

Green Features:

Sustainable packaging 

Shipping Condition:

Room Temperature 

Regulatory Statement:

For Research Use Only. Not for use in diagnostic procedures. 

产品名称     产品编号     Product Size     定价CNY   
Sf-900™ II SFM      10902-088     1,000 mL     1,038.00     
Sf-900™ II SFM      10902-096     500 mL     548.00     
Sf-900™ II SFM      10902-104     6 x 1,000 mL     5,440.00     
Sf-900™ II SFM      10902-161     5 L     5,110.00     
Sf-900™ II SFM      10902-179     10 L     9,180.00

EDN1 Antibody (Center) 货号:AP11389c

EDN1 Antibody (Center) 货号:AP11389c

EDN1 Antibody (Center)

货  号:AP11389c

产品规格:100UL

原  产  地:USA

参考价格:1100 (参考价格,以实际价格为准)

优惠价格:

产品详细信息

EDN1 Antibody (Center) – Product info

Application  WB, IHC, IF, FCPrimary AccessionP05305Other AccessionNP_001946.3ReactivityHumanIsotypeRabbit

 IgCalculated MW24425 DaEDN1 Antibody (Center) – Additional infoGene ID1906Other Names
EDN1; Endothelin-1; Preproendothelin-1; Big endothelin-1Target/Specificity
This EDN1 antibody is generated from rabbits immunized with a KLH conjugated synthetic 
peptide between 111-138 amino acids from the Central region of human EDN1.Dilution
WB~~1:1000
IHC~~1:50~100
IF~~1:10~50
FC~~1:10~50

产品详细信息

EDN1 Antibody (Center) – Product info

Application  WB, IHC, IF, FCPrimary AccessionP05305Other AccessionNP_001946.3ReactivityHumanIsotypeRabbit

 IgCalculated MW24425 DaEDN1 Antibody (Center) – Additional infoGene ID1906Other Names
EDN1; Endothelin-1; Preproendothelin-1; Big endothelin-1Target/Specificity
This EDN1 antibody is generated from rabbits immunized with a KLH conjugated synthetic 
peptide between 111-138 amino acids from the Central region of human EDN1.Dilution
WB~~1:1000
IHC~~1:50~100
IF~~1:10~50
FC~~1:10~50

Schneider果蝇培养基 货号:21720-024

Schneider果蝇培养基 货号:21720-024

Schneider果蝇培养基

货  号:21720-024

产品规格:500 mL

原  产  地:life

参考价格:830 (参考价格,以实际价格为准)

优惠价格:

产品详细信息

Schneider果蝇培养基  21720-024

Schneider’s Drosophila Medium      21720-024     500 mL     830
Schneider’s Drosophila Medium      21720-001     10 x 500 mL     6,749

常用规格

Form:

Liquid 

Volume:

500 ml 

Cell Line:

S2 (Schneider 2) 

Cell Type:

Insect Cells 

Glutamine:

L-Glutamine 

HEPES Buffer:

No HEPES 

Product Size:

500 mL 

Phenol Red Indicator:

No Phenol Red 

Sodium Pyruvate Additive:

No Sodium Pyruvate 

Green Features:

Sustainable packaging 

Shipping Condition:

Room Temperature 

Regulatory Statement:

For Research Use Only. Not for use in diagnostic procedures. 

产品详细信息

Schneider果蝇培养基  21720-024

Schneider’s Drosophila Medium      21720-024     500 mL     830
Schneider’s Drosophila Medium      21720-001     10 x 500 mL     6,749

常用规格

Form:

Liquid 

Volume:

500 ml 

Cell Line:

S2 (Schneider 2) 

Cell Type:

Insect Cells 

Glutamine:

L-Glutamine 

HEPES Buffer:

No HEPES 

Product Size:

500 mL 

Phenol Red Indicator:

No Phenol Red 

Sodium Pyruvate Additive:

No Sodium Pyruvate 

Green Features:

Sustainable packaging 

Shipping Condition:

Room Temperature 

Regulatory Statement:

For Research Use Only. Not for use in diagnostic procedures.